Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
Alloy PE16 is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy with a molybdenum addition for solid-solution strengthening. This datasheet presents the material within the American / international (BS / AFNOR aerospace) standard system.
A precipitation-hardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy, Alloy PE16 combines good strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures to about 750 °C (1380 °F) with relatively economical composition. Aluminium and titanium form the gamma-prime (γ′, Ni₃(Al,Ti)) phase responsible for age hardening, while molybdenum provides solid-solution strengthening. Its comparatively low nickel content and additions such as silicon make it notable for nuclear service, where low neutron absorbence and resistance to irradiation swelling are required. It is used in the solution-treated and aged condition.
Typical applications include fast- and thermal-reactor fuel-rod cladding and ducts, gas-turbine and general high-temperature structural components, and fasteners requiring strength and oxidation resistance to about 750 °C.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.02 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1320–1400 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 202 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 13.0 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 11.7 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 460 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Austenitic (FCC) + γ′ | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Ni | Balance | — | Base element; γ′ matrix |
| Iron | Fe | 30.0 | 38.0 | Base alloying; economy |
| Chromium | Cr | 15.0 | 18.5 | Oxidation resistance |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 2.50 | 4.0 | Solid-solution strengthening |
| Titanium | Ti | 1.00 | 1.50 | γ′ (Ni₃Ti) precipitation strengthening |
| Aluminium | Al | 0.90 | 1.50 | γ′ (Ni₃Al) precipitation strengthening |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 1.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.50 | Swelling inhibitor |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.10 | Carbide formation |
Solution-treated-and-aged condition, typical values.
| Condition | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Solution treated & aged | Tensile strength (UTS) | ≥960 MPa (139 ksi) |
| Solution treated & aged | 0.2% yield strength | ≥620 MPa (90 ksi) |
| Solution treated & aged | Elongation at break | ≥25 % |
| At elevated temperature | Strength | Good to ~750 °C |
| — | Elastic modulus | 202 GPa |
Confirm against the mill test report. After neutron irradiation, high-temperature ductility is reduced (helium effects); grain refinement and controlled boron influence irradiation behaviour.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| High-temperature oxidation (to ~750 °C) | Good | Chromium-bearing |
| Irradiation swelling | Very Good | Low Cr / Si additions; nuclear service |
| Neutron absorbence | Low | Comparatively low nickel content |
| Creep / stress rupture | Good | γ′-strengthened to ~750 °C |
| Aqueous corrosion | Moderate | Not the primary design purpose |
The chromium content provides good oxidation resistance to about 750 °C, while the comparatively low nickel content, low chromium and silicon addition give low neutron absorbence and good resistance to irradiation-induced swelling, making the alloy notable for nuclear-reactor cladding and duct applications.
A γ′ precipitation-hardenable alloy; strengthened by solution treatment followed by ageing.
Solution Treatment Solution treat at approximately 1040 °C (1900 °F) and cool, dissolving the γ′ for subsequent controlled re-precipitation.
Precipitation Hardening (Ageing) Age at approximately 700–750 °C (1290–1380 °F) for a period and air cool, precipitating the γ′ (Ni₃(Al,Ti)) phase that develops strength and creep resistance. A duplex solution-and-age treatment is selected per product and application.
Weldable in the solution-treated condition by the gas-tungsten-arc process with matching filler, followed by post-weld solution treatment and ageing. As with other γ′-hardened alloys, care is needed to avoid strain-age cracking in restrained joints.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Good | Matching PE16 filler |
| EBW / laser | Good | Autogenous or matching filler |
| Post-weld | Recommended | Solution treat and age |
Weld in the solution-treated condition with matching filler and clean surfaces; apply post-weld heat treatment to develop properties.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Preferred condition | Solution-treated for machining, then age |
| Machinability | Difficult; work-hardens, rigid setups, sharp tooling |
| Coolant | Ample coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Good in solution-treated condition; work-hardens |
| Hot forming | Performed hot; solution treat and age afterward |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | Fuel-rod cladding, ducts | Low neutron absorbence + swelling resistance |
| Aero gas turbine | Structural / hot-section components | Strength + oxidation resistance |
| Power generation | High-temperature hardware | Creep strength to ~750 °C |
| General high-temperature | Fasteners, structural parts | Strength + oxidation resistance |
| Product Form | Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bar, billet and forgings | BS HR55 / HR207 | γ′-hardened Ni-Fe-Cr alloy |
| Sheet, strip and plate | BS HR207 | — |
| Tube and cladding | AFNOR NW 11 AC | Nuclear product |
| Material designation | Nimonic PE16 | Solution-treated and aged |
γ′ precipitation-hardened nickel-iron-chromium alloy. BS HR55 / HR207.
| Alloy | Ni % | Cr % | γ′ Formers | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy PE16 | balance (~43) | 15–18.5 | Al + Ti (low) | Economical γ′ Ni-Fe-Cr; nuclear cladding, strength to ~750 °C |
| Alloy PE11 | balance | 16–20 | Al + Ti | γ′ Ni-Fe-Cr disc / forging alloy (901) |
| Alloy 80A | balance | 18–21 | Al + Ti | Age-hardened Ni-Cr; valves, fasteners |
| Alloy 90 | balance | 18–21 | Al + Ti | Creep-resistant blade / disc alloy |
| Alloy 75 | balance | 18–21 | — | Ni-Cr; general heat-resistant, oxidation |
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