Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
N10003 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy developed for service in molten fluoride salts. This datasheet presents the material within the American (ASTM / ASME / UNS) standard system.
Invented at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under the designation INOR-8 as a container material for molten fluoride salts, N10003 is the only standard commercial alloy with demonstrated resistance to corrosion by molten fluoride salt systems at temperatures up to about 704 °C (1300 °F), where corrosion attack in long-duration tests was less than one mil per year. Its chromium content is deliberately kept low — high chromium is attacked by fluoride salts — while molybdenum provides the principal solid-solution strengthening together with good fluoride-salt resistance; the alloy is not strengthened by gamma-prime precipitation. It also offers good oxidation resistance in air to about 982 °C (1800 °F) and good resistance to ageing and embrittlement. It is supplied in the solution-annealed condition.
Typical applications include molten-salt-reactor primary-loop components, thorium fuel-cycle systems, fluoride-based chemical-processing equipment, and containment for molten halides of zirconium, beryllium, lithium, sodium, potassium, thorium or uranium.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.86 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1300–1370 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 215 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 12.6 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 11.6 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 419 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Austenitic (FCC), single phase + M₆C | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Ni | Balance | — | Base element |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 15.0 | 18.0 | Principal solid-solution strengthening; fluoride-salt resistance |
| Chromium | Cr | 6.0 | 8.0 | Oxidation resistance (kept low for salt resistance) |
| Iron | Fe | — | 5.0 | Solid-solution; cost |
| Silicon | Si | — | 1.0 | Residual |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 0.80 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | 0.04 | 0.08 | M₆C carbide formation |
| Cobalt | Co | — | 0.20 | Residual |
Solution-annealed condition, typical values for UNS N10003.
| Condition | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Solution annealed | Tensile strength (UTS) | ≥690 MPa (100 ksi) |
| Solution annealed | 0.2% yield strength | ≥275 MPa (40 ksi) |
| Solution annealed | Elongation at break | ≥40 % |
| At 704 °C (1300 °F) | High-temperature strength | Retained; primary service limit |
| — | Elastic modulus | 215 GPa |
Confirm against the mill test report. High-temperature strength is useful to about 704 °C; long-term service above ~650 °C in reactors is limited by helium and tellurium embrittlement.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Molten fluoride salts (to 704 °C) | Excellent | <1 mil/yr; primary application |
| Molten halides (Zr, Be, Li, Na, K, Th, U) | Excellent | Salt-container service |
| Oxidation in air (to 982 °C) | Good | General high-temperature use |
| Mineral acids | Good | Reasonable resistance |
| Helium / tellurium embrittlement | Limitation | From Ni transmutation / fission products in reactors |
The alloy's low chromium content and high molybdenum give outstanding resistance to molten fluoride and other molten-halide salts — the purpose for which it was designed. In reactor service, helium embrittlement (from nickel transmutation) and grain-boundary embrittlement by tellurium limit long-term high-temperature operation, and the alloy has not been qualified for ASME nuclear construction.
A single-phase solid-solution alloy with M₆C carbides; not hardenable by precipitation. Properties are set by solution annealing.
Solution Anneal Solution anneal at approximately 1175 °C (2150 °F) and rapidly quench (water or rapid air cool) to dissolve secondary phases and retain a uniform structure. The alloy is not strengthened by heat treatment; cold work raises strength.
Good weldability; welded by the gas-tungsten-arc and gas-metal-arc processes with matching filler. Welding is performed on solution-annealed material; clean surfaces are essential.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Good | Matching Hastelloy N filler |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Matching filler |
| EBW | Good | Autogenous or matching filler |
Weld on solution-annealed material with matching filler and clean surfaces.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Conventional methods for iron-based alloys; work-hardens |
| Tooling | Carbide; rigid setups, positive feeds |
| Coolant | Water-based coolant for grinding/milling/turning |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Good; work-hardens, anneal between heavy operations |
| Hot forming | ~1175–1100 °C; solution anneal afterward |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Molten salt reactors | Primary-loop piping, vessels, heat exchangers | Fluoride-salt corrosion resistance |
| Thorium fuel cycle | Salt-handling equipment | Molten-halide resistance |
| Chemical process | Fluoride-based processing equipment | Salt + high-temperature resistance |
| High-temperature | Containment for molten halides | Corrosion + oxidation resistance |
| Product Form | ASTM Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Plate, sheet and strip | ASTM B434 | UNS N10003 |
| Wrought fittings | ASTM B366 | UNS N10003 |
| Bar, rod and wire | UNS N10003 | — |
| Original designation | INOR-8 | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
Nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy for molten fluoride salts. UNS N10003.
| UNS | Mo % | Cr % | Strengthening | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N10003 | 15–18 | 6–8 | Solid solution + M₆C | Molten fluoride salts; molten-salt reactors, halide containment |
| N10675 | 27–32 | 1–3 | Solid solution | Hydrochloric acid; reducing media (B-3) |
| N10276 | 15–17 | 14.5–16.5 | Solid solution | Reducing media, wet chlorine (C-276) |
| N06002 | 8–10 | 20.5–23 | Solid solution | High-temperature oxidation; gas turbines (X) |
| N06625 | 8–10 | 20–23 | Solid solution | General Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb corrosion / strength (625) |
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